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The main barriers to expand the integration with federated identity management are in some cases the lack of resources/funds and the bureaucracy overhead involved in joining a federation. It is not always clear, for all the use cases, if the benefits of joining a federation compensate the overhead.
FMI
The main barrier perceived is the excess of bureaucracy both to use an IdPs as a service provider and to join and IdP federation. Another problem is the lack of flexibility in the academic IdPs, in terms of technologies supported or willingness to support new use cases.
Based on the FMI experience, it is very difficult to join national AAI federations in some countries, where for example commercial providers cannot join due to NREN policies. On the other hand a cross-national common AAI provider would solve most of the integration issues currently experienced, similar to the providers of X509 host certificates.
Education
Based on the summary survey provided by GARR the main barrier in adopting federated identity management for the universities and education institutions are the following:
First barrier is the low priority that FIM has in the management agenda of many campuses and educational institutions. All the other barriers are a consequence of the fact that management does not consider AAI important: lack of funds and expertise, for example. Lack of strategy, for example should IdP be a campus service or an externally provided service?