...
| National wallet |
|---|
Spain has launched MiDNI, a new mobile digital ID app intended to replace (or at least complement) the physical national ID (DNI). The app provides a secure, signed QR code, usable for everyday tasks such as checking into hotels, opening bank accounts, and signing papers. The physical card is still valid during a transition period, giving organizations 12 months to adapt. Looking ahead to 2026, Spain plans to add digital signatures and remote ID verification to MiDNI, enabling more online administrative services and reducing the need for in-person visits. To enroll, users must register their identity online or in person, link a phone number, and confirm their physical ID. Notably, MiDNI does not locally store users’ full personal data, it fetches needed attributes from the DNI database in real time. ref ref1 |
| Similar efforts to EUDIW |
|---|
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| Electronic identity and Personal Identification Data (PID) |
|---|
- For now (as of early-2025), MiDNI can be used for in-person identity verification (face-to-face), e.g. checking into hotels, opening bank accounts, renting cars, verifying identity for services, picking up parcels, etc.
MiDNI uses a secure temporary QR code, signed by the police, to represent identity attributes. The app does not store personal data locally. Instead, it fetches needed identity data in real time from the DNI database when required. To enroll, a person must link their phone number and confirm their physical ID (DNI).
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| National architecture documents |
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MiDNI is developed by the National Police and the Royal Mint |
| Stakeholder groups |
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Key stakeholders include: The Spanish government / Interior Ministry National Police (they sign the QR codes) The Royal Mint (involved in development) Public and private organizations that must adapt to accept the digital format within 12 months. Citizens / users, who must register and confirm identity to use MiDNI.
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| Current progress |
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MiDNI is already launched and available via the official app. The physical ID card remains valid for now. Organizations have 12 months to adapt. Plans for 2026 include adding digital signatures and remote ID verification to enable more e-government and online services.
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Russia
- Russia is launching a national digital identity “super-app” starting September 2025, which will come pre-installed on all smartphones and devices sold in Russia.
- Features:
- Combines digital ID, messaging, e-signatures, payments, and access to government/private services.
- Integrated with Gosuslugi (Russia’s main e-government portal).
- Allows citizens to verify age, check into hotels, access benefits, and even replace physical passports for many everyday tasks.
- The app is modeled after China’s WeChat, raising concerns about surveillance and censorship.
[biometricupdate.com], [identity-economy.de], [nationalse...urity.news]
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| Similar efforts to EUDIW |
|---|
- Russia’s approach is not equivalent to EUDI Wallet:
- EUDI Wallet (EU) emphasizes privacy, user control, and interoperability.
- Russia’s model is centralized, mandatory, and tied to state-controlled platforms.
- The Russian system focuses on digital sovereignty and state monitoring, not on cross-border interoperability or selective disclosure like EUDI.
[biometricupdate.com]
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| Electronic identity and Personal Identification Data (PID) |
|---|
- Russia uses:
- ESIA (Unified System of Identification and Authentication) for e-government services.
- Unified Biometrics System (UBS) for facial recognition and biometric verification.
- PID includes:
- Passport details, biometric data (face, fingerprints), demographic info.
- These systems are increasingly integrated with Gosuslugi and will become mandatory for online age verification and other services, effectively ending online anonymity.
[identityblitz.com], [reclaimthenet.org], [slaynews.com]
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| National architecture documents |
|---|
- Russia does not publish detailed architecture frameworks like EU’s ARF, but:
- Presidential decrees (e.g., 2023 decree equating digital IDs with paper passports) and State Duma laws define the legal basis.
- Technical details for ESIA and biometric systems are partially available through government portals and contractors (e.g., Rostelecom).
- Access is limited compared to EU standards; most documents are in Russian and not fully open for international review.
[tvbrics.com], [tadviser.com]
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| Stakeholder groups |
|---|
- Government agencies:
- Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media
- Federal Security Service (FSB)
- State Duma committees
- State-aligned tech companies:
- VKontakte (VK) – main contender for the super-app
- Rostelecom – operator of ESIA
- Financial institutions and telecom providers (for KYC/AML compliance).
- Citizens (mandatory adoption expected for most services).
[biometricupdate.com], [interfax.com], [atlanticcouncil.org]
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| Current progress |
|---|
- Launch date: September 1, 2025 – mandatory pre-installation on all new devices.
- Integration:
- Gosuslugi portal, ESIA, UBS, and payment systems.
- Legislation:
- Laws passed in June 2025 mandate the app and biometric verification for online age checks.
- Trend:
- Russia is moving toward full state-controlled identity ecosystem, eliminating anonymity online.
- Concerns:
- Privacy risks, surveillance, and censorship.
- Digital Ruble:
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Other European countries:
- Albania
- Andorra
- Belarus
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Cyprus
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Romania
- Russia
- San Marino
- Slovenia
- Ukraine
- Vatican City
...
