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A variety of use cases are investigated to provide an illustration of how different types of architectures can be mapped to this flexible OAV reference blueprint or TM Forum's Open Digital Architecture (ODA). The use cases include a number of NREN architectures from very diverse environments with varying internal processes and workflows and show how they would identify structures and elements to group them within the ODA functional blocks.

Other use case examples include commercial (5G) and research-based architectures (TALENT) and show how they can make use of this reference architecture.





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Info

Interested in what ODA could do for you?

Let us provide you with a mapping of your own organisation’s architecture to ODA!

Or simply contact us at oav@lists.geant.org and we will work with you and provide you more details on how this approach based on functional blocks could streamline your workflows and make your systems more agile and efficient for easy automation.



NREN Architectures

Analysing NREN architectures from an orchestration, automation and virtualisation (OAV) point of view using a common reference architecture helps align efforts, and find similarities in the way different functionalities and components are implemented, which in turn facilitates potential collaboration between organisations and future interoperability. In pursuit of this goal, the GN4-3 Network Technologies and Services Development Work Package (WP6), Network Services Evolution & Development task (T2) selected the TM Forum Open Digital Architecture (ODA) as a reference blueprint architecture that can be used for such cross-comparison. The rationale for that choice is described in Deliverable D6.6: Transforming Services with Orchestration and Automation and in the White Paper: OAV Architectures.

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CARNET


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CARNET OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper June 16, 2021


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The document analyses the mapping of the CARNET architecture to the TM Forum’s Open Digital Architecture aiming to provide a standardised view of the components and implementations of orchestration, automation and virtualisation within the NRENs.


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In this document the team reports on an analysis of the different functional aspects of the CARNET network management system architecture, and how their components map to the ODA reference model.The mapping highlights the main characteristics and capabilities of the current CARNET network architecture, and how they fit into the main functional domains of ODA. The analysis was carried out by the network architects supported by the WP6T2 team.


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CARNET architecture mapped to ODA



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CYNET


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CYNET OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper December 9, 2020


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This document undertakes an analysis of CYNET’s network architecture components. It does so by comparing the current status to the TM Forum’s Open Digital Architecture (ODA), which is the reference architecture selected by the GN4-3 project’s Orchestration,Automation and Virtualisation (OAV) focus group within the Network Technologies and Services Development Work Package. The analysis can help to further develop the potential for CYNET to be compatible with future OAV multi-domain processes and workflows throughout Europe.


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CYNET is Cyprus' National Research and Education Network. It provides a network infrastructure for the Cypriot Research and Education Community and connects educational and research institutions. CYNET-II, the national backbone of CYNET, is connected to the European backbone GÉANT which is part of the world-wide community of research and education networks. Because Cyprus is a small island, CYNET is a National Research and Education Network (NREN) that serves only a few universities (around 17) which has so far allowed its workflows to be mainly non-automated processes. However, although CYNET is currently only at the beginning of its journey into Orchestration, Automation and Virtualisation (OAV), going forward the organisation would like to do more to benefit from adopting OAV principles, and to make sure it is compatible with future OAV multi-domain processes and workflows throughout Europe.


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CYNET architecture mapped to ODA




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GÉANT


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GÉANT OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper November 28, 2022


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The document analyses the mapping of the GÉANTnetworkarchitecture to the TM Forum’s Open Digital Architecture (ODA).This analysis is one of a series of such documentsaiming to provide a standardised view of the components and implementations of orchestration, automation and virtualisation(OAV)within the community.


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This document maps GÉANT’s current Operations and Business Support Systems (OSSandBSS) to the TM Forum (TMF) [TMF] Open Digital Architecture (ODA)[ODA]reference architecture to demonstrate the flexibility and the benefits that the ODA model offers.
A reference architecture like ODA supports the transition from traditional work organisation based on manual work and procedures to a model where services are automatically provisioned and orchestrated. The mappingofthe tools in use at GÉANT to functional blocksshows, how ODA can be used as a frameworktounderstandarchitecturesinsituationswhereenvironmentalcomplexityand independent growth have led to dependencies that are not easy to identify. This helps manage and guide the digital transformation process in complex organisations such as GÉANT and other Research and Education (R&E) entities


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GÉANT OAV architecture mapped to TM Forum's ODA



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GRNET


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GRNET OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper January 24, 2022


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The document analyses the mapping of theGRNET(Greek Research and TechnologyNetwork) architecture to the TM Forum’s Open Digital Architecture aiming to provide a standardised view of the components and implementations of orchestration, automation,and virtualisation for network management services.


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The Greek National Research and Education Network(GRNET)provides a network infrastructure for the Greek research and education community,and connects educational and research institutions. It also provides a variety of additional services, including cloud services, high performance computing, Firewall-on-Demand,Firewall-as-a-Service, sound-,video-andteleconference-services,and a large collection of digital servicesforthe educational community. In May 2019 GRNET participated in a GÉANT survey [SURVEY2019, SURVEY-RESULTS] and, as part of that, performed an analysis of existing systems and architecture components in the context of automation, virtualisation, and orchestration. Based on this analysis GRNET architectural components have been identified and matched to the TMForum Open Digital Architecture (ODA) functional blocks.


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GRNET architecture mapped to ODA



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HEAnet


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HEAnet OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper October 20, 2021


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The document analyses the mapping of the HEAnet architecture to the TM Forum’s Open Digital Architecture, aiming to provide a standardised view of the components and implementations of orchestration, automation, and virtualisation within the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs).


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In this document the team reports on an analysis of the different functional aspects of the HEAnet service management architecture, and how their components map to the ODA reference model. The mapping highlights the main characteristics and capabilities of the current HEAnet architecture, and how they fit into the main functional domains of ODA. The analysis was carried out in July 2021 by the WP6T2 team, supported by HEANet network architects.


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HEAnet mapped to ODA



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PIONIER


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PIONIER OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper February 4, 2022


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The document analyses themapping of the network architecture of the Polish Optical Internet (PIONIER)- a nationwide broadband optical network for e-science to the TM Forum’s Open Digital Architecture (ODA). This analysis is one of a series of such documents aiming to provide a standardised view of the components and implementations of orchestration, automation and virtualisation (OAV) within the NRENs.


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In this document, the team reports on an analysis of the different functional aspects of the PIONIER network architecture, managed by the Poznań Supercomputing and Networking Centre (PSNC). The document focuses on PSNC networking activities,and analyses how different components map to the ODA reference model. The mapping highlights the main characteristics and capabilities of the current PIONIER network architecture, and how they fit into the main functional domains of ODA. The analysis was carried out by the PSNC network architects supported by the WP6T2 team.


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PIONIER architecture mapped to ODA



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SURFnet


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SURFnet OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper December 9, 2020


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This document analyses the mapping of the SURFnet architecture to the TM Forum’s Open Digital Architecture, as part of the GN4-3 project’s ongoing activity in the Network Technologies and Service Development’s work package to provide a standardised view of the components and implementations of orchestration, automation and virtualisation within the NRENs. Overall, it can be concluded that the SURFnet OAV architecture, although independently developed, is very much aligned to the ODA’s core principles and design concepts.


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Using a common reference architecture to analyse NREN architectures from an orchestration, automation and virtualisation (OAV) point of view helps align the NRENs’ efforts and find commonalities in the way they implement different functionalities and components. To this end, the GN4-3 WP6 Network Technologies and Services Development OAV team has selected the TM Forum Open Digital Architecture (ODA) to be used as a reference blueprint architecture for cross-comparison. This document presents an analysis performed by the WP6 OAV team of the different functional aspects of the SURFnet network architecture, mapping its components to the TM Forum ODA. The mapping highlights the main characteristics and functionalities of the current SURFnet network architecture and how they fit into the main functional domains of ODA.


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SURF architecture mapped to ODA




NETDEV Architectures

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Argus


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Argus OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper June 30, 2023


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This document analyses the mapping of the Argus architecture to the TM Forum’s Open Digital Architecture (ODA), aiming to provide a standardised view of the components and implementations of orchestration, automation and virtualisation (OAV) within the Argus deployment at the Norwegian National Research and Education Network (NREN), Sikt.



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Argus is an open-source tool for Network Operation Centres and service desks to aggregate incidents from all their monitoring applications into a single, unified dashboard and notification system. This document analyses the mapping of the Argus architecture to the TM Forum’s Open Digital Architecture, aiming to provide a standardised view of the components and implementations of orchestration, automation and virtualisation within the Argus deployment at Sikt, the Norwegian NREN.


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NMaaS


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NMaaS OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper January 05, 2022


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The document analyses the mapping of the NMaaS (Network Management as a Service) architecture to the TM Forum’s Open Digital Architecture aiming to provide a standardised view of the components and implementations of orchestration, automation and virtualisation for network management services.


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NMaaS components


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NMaaS components mapped to ODA



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PMP


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PMP OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper December 21, 2023


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This document analyses the mapping of the PMP (Performance Measurement Platform) service architecture to the TM Forum’s Open Digital Architecture to provide a standardised view of the orchestration, automation and virtualisation components and implementations within the service.


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The PMP service is a platform consisting of central components and a set of small nodes that perform regular active performance measurements towards several Measurement Points (MPs) located in the core of the GÉANT network, and operated by the GÉANT network operations centre. The PMP operational team maintains an instance of the Maddash dashboard [PMD] for visualising performance testing between the PMP service instances in NRENs and GÉANT PoPs.

PMP incorporates different tools for different functionalities and components. Using a common reference architecture to analyse this network monitoring platform from the point of view of  orchestration, automation, and virtualisation helps enables a better understanding of the system, identifying commonalities in the way these various functionalities and components are implemented, as well as a cross-comparison with other platforms, which in turn promotes future interoperability and integration. 


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SPA


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SPA OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper May 26, 2021


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The Service Provider Architecture (SPA) [SPAW] is a service management platform that is based on the TM Forum Open Digital Framework. Its development is continued from the previous generation of the GÉANT project (GN4-2) and its Self-Service Portal graphical user interface (SSP GUI) is used for the service order management process of the GÉANT Connection Service (GCS) [SSPM20]. The SPA solution can be used as the basis for the development of a digital platform and to manage the lifecycle of any type of service, including networking, trust and identity or security services.


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While all components of the SPA follow the principles of the building blocks architecture, the solution also incorporates other aspects of OAV design principles, such as:

  • Ability to compose services and resources.
  • Abstract, technology-agnostic modelling of all resources and services.
  • Distinction between products, customer-facing and resource-facing services.
  • Support for both physical and virtual networks.
  • Ability for east-west integration with systems from other domain.


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Other Use Cases

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5G


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5G OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper May 26, 2021


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5G is a mobile technology that is addressing, by design,abroad range of requirements: very high data rates, very low latency, low energy consumption, high scalability, improved connectivity and reliability, and improved security [FGPPP18], [FGPPP20]. The 5G specifications focus on serving mobile operator needs in terms of extreme mobile broadband services and include several features to support vertical industries in terms of enablers for an industrial Internet of Things (IoT)and Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications(URLLC)[FGPPP20]. Within the 5G system, end-to-end (E2E) network slicing, service-based architecture, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) are seen as the fundamental pillars of the 5G architecture.



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5G architecture


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EOSC


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EOSC OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper May 26, 2021


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The European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) initiative [EOS20] is part of the EuropeanCommission’s effortto increase the competitive digital economy in Europe. The main idea of the initiative is to support Open Science, which in turn will enable a more agile approach to innovation.  The main goal of EOSC is to provide researchers from different research fields with the means necessary not only to conduct research, but alsotomake their research outcomes open to the wide community. Thus, in essence, the end goal is to create a cloud-based virtual environment that will provide a number of open services that can be used to store, manage and analyse research data.Six different actions are being implemented in parallel to achieve this goal, described in the EOSC implementation roadmap [ETS20]. One of the action lines focuses on the architecture of the virtual environment,whichshould achieve a federated, seamless view of all available research infrastructures and services built on top.


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EOSCtechnicalarchitectureinteractionsbetween
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ETSI GANA


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ETSI GANA OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper May 26, 2021


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One of the main requirements for future architectures and digital service providers is to be able to transform all manual management of network and services into Automated and Autonomic Management & Control (AMC) so that the system dynamically responds to the changing environment. This behaviour is also known as autonomics and is the main focus of the Generic Autonomic Network Architecture (GANA) [GANA16]. In other words, the GANA reference model provides a way to build autonomic architecture using a generic AMC framework that can integrate with any type of network management architecture.

The ETSI Network Technologies (NTECH) Autonomic network engineering for the self-managing Future Internet (AFI)workinggroup leads the AMC standardisation efforts that will transform the traditional networking environment into a smart and intelligent network with a number of self-* features including self-healing, self-configuration, self-optimisation and others.


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 AFI GANA reference model


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ETSI OSM


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ETSI OSM OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper May 26, 2021


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ETSI Open Source MANO(OSM)[EOSM20] is a management and orchestration solution that complies withtheETSI NFV architectural framework. While it offers its own Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM),it also supports many third-party VIMssuch asOpenStack, VMware vCloud and VIO, Amazon Web Services, Azure and Google Cloud and,since release seven,also Kubernetes. This last integration allowsthedeployment ofmore than 20,000 pre-existing production-ready Kubernetes applications, with no need of any translation or repackaging, which are added to the steadily increasing number of Virtual Network Functions (VNFs)commercially or freely available.


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 ETSI NFV reference architectural framework


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ETSI ZSM


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ETSI ZSM OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper May 26, 2021


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TheEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute(ETSI)Zero-touch network and Service Management(ZSM)working group has the aim of defining a universal framework to enable end-to-endzero-touchserviceautomationinvolvingdifferentmanagementdomains.The proposed framework[EZSM]focuses on closed-loop service automation based on monitoring and high-quantity data collection, to which machine learning and artificial intelligence proceduresapply. The end-to-end automation procedures considered by ETSI ZSM comprise all operational processes and tasks, including delivery, deployment, configuration, lifecycle management, assurance, optimisation and finalisation. It aims to provide 5G E2E network slicing and management capacity, ideally with 100% automation or zero human intervention,and aims to be general enough to integrate current and future networks and services.


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 ETSI ZSM reference architecture


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GVM


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GVM OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper May 26, 2021


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The Generalized Virtualization Model (GVM) describes an architecture that supports managing the lifecycle of different network topologies as virtual network slices over a physical infrastructure in a fully automated fashion. These virtual networks are environments where abstracted virtualised objects,called resources, can be defined, instantiated and arranged to create application-specific insulated networks and services. This process is performed via agraphicaluserinterface (GUI) and without the need for human intervention from network operationsor engineering teams.


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 Virtualisation, management and user control layers in GVM


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MEF LSO


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MEF LSO OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper May 26, 2021


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Metro EthernetForum Lifecycle Service Orchestration(MEF LSO) [MSOS16] is a layered abstraction architecture defined to build the systems for coordinated management and control across all network domains responsible for delivering an end-to-end connectivity service. LSO provides interoperable automation of operations over the entire lifecycle of Layer 2 and Layer 3 connectivity services,as shown inFigureB.2. This includes design, fulfilment, control, testing, problem management, quality management, billing & usage, security, analytics and policy capabilities. The architecture specifies high-level functional requirements, the functional management entities and the management interface reference points (logical points of interaction) between them.


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 LSO reference architecture


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Open Baton


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Open Baton OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper May 26, 2021


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Open Baton [OB20] is an open source platform developed by Fraunhofer FOKUS andtheTechnical University ofBerlin that enables implementation of an NFV environment based on the ETSI NFV MANO architecture framework [ETSINFVSPEC].

Open Baton uses an agile development process to provide a customisable network service orchestration framework based on the MANO NFVO. The framework supports multiple sites that provide heterogeneous Network Function Virtualisation infrastructure. Using the generic Virtual Network Function Manager (VNFM) the architecture can manage a large set of different VNFs.


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 Open Baton architecture release 5


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ONAP


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ONAP OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper May 26, 2021


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The Open Network Automation Platform (ONAP) [ONAP20] arose after the combination of two Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) orchestration and management initiatives: Enhanced Control, Orchestration, Management & Policy(ECOMP), led by AT&T, and Open Orchestrator(Open-O), led by China Mobile.


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 ONAP architecture


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SENSE


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SENSE OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper May 26, 2021


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SDN for End-to-end Networked Science at the Exascale (SENSE) [SEN20], [MON18]was developed in a research project with the goal to provide a network architecture that will facilitate the rapid deployment of smart network services in support of science applications. The main contributors to this project are ESnet/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Maryland College Park.
The architecture was developed with next-generation big data/exascale science workflowsin mind that will require intelligent network services in cloud computing, AI and machine learning. The idea is to support scientists and their science workflows with a system that will automatically build virtual guaranteed networks over large-scale distributed storage and computing infrastructures without any human intervention and without the static non-interactive network infrastructures in place today.


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 SENSE architecture


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TALENT


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TALENT OAV Architecture Analysis

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 GÉANT Whitepaper May 26, 2021


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Terrestrial Satellite Resource Coordinator (TALENT) is a coordination tool which provides end-to-end services over satellite domain, radio system, cloud and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) resources [TAL19]. It provides a single and easy-to-use point of interaction for all stakeholders involved in the ecosystem, such as terrestrial and satellite operators as well as different 5G verticals. TALENT is completely inline with 3GPP and ETSI definitions, extending them towards satellite systems.The original idea of TALENT is based on the definition of hierarchical and distributed orchestration [HDO17], where an overarching orchestrator is able to manage and coordinate several independent domains (satellite, radio and cloud). It is assumed that a domain manager (DM) exists in each domain that can work with the resources of this domain. In this sense TALENT becomes a light, scalable and efficient solution, agnostic to elementsof domains coming from various vendors.



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Talent architecture


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Talent architecture mapped to ODA





References

[EOS20]                    European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/index.cfm?pg=open-science-cloud

[EOSM20]                 Open Source MANO website https://osm.etsi.org/

[ETS20]                     EOSC Technical Specification proposal, January 2020 https://confluence.egi.eu/display/EOSCDOC/Federation+services

[ETSINFVSPEC]          ETSI standards for NFV: specifications within the NFV Architecture Framework https://www.etsi.org/technologies/nfv

[EZSM]                      ETSI GS ZSM 002 V1.1.1, Zero-touch network and Service Management (ZSM); Reference Architecture, August 2019 https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/ZSM/001_099/002/01.01.01_60/gs_ZSM002v010101p.pdf

[FGPPP18]                5GPPP Architecture Working Group View on 5G Architecture, v2.0, Jan 2018 https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/5G-PPP-5G-Architecture-White-Paper-Jan-2018-v2.0.pdf

[FGPPP20]                5GPPP Architecture Working Group View on 5G Architecture, v3.0, Feb 2020 https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/5G-PPP-5G-Architecture-White-Paper_final.pdf

[GANA16]                 ETSI, GANA – Generic Autonomic Networking Architecture, White paper no. 16, October 2016 https://www.etsi.org/images/files/ETSIWhitePapers/etsi_wp16_gana_Ed1_20161011.pdf

[HDO17]                  J. S. Choi, “Hierarchical Distributed Orchestration Framework for Multi-Domain SDTNs”, Journal of Optical Communication and Networking, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 1125-1135, 2017 https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=jocn-9-12-1125

[MON18]                 I. Monga, C. Guok, J. MacAuley, A. Sim, H. Newman, J. Balca, P. deMar, L. Winkler, T. Lehman, X. Yang, SDN for End-to-end Networked Science at the Exascale (SENSE), 2018 IEEE/ACM Innovation the Network for Data-Intensive Science (INDIS), Dallas, TX, USA

[MSOS16]                MEF Service Operations Specification MEF 55 Lifecycle Service Orchestration (LSO): Reference Architecture and Framework, March 2016 https://www.mef.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/MEF-55.pdf

[OB20]                     Open Baton platform http://openbaton.github.io/documentation/

[ONAP20]                ONAP Platform https://www.onap.org/

[PMD]                      https://pmp-central.geant.org/maddash-webui/

[SEN20]                   SDN for End-to-end Networked Science at the Exascale, (SENSE) http://sense.es.net/

[SPAW]                     Service Provider Architecture Wiki Page. https://wiki.geant.org/display/NETDEV/SPA

[SSPM20]                 GN4-3, WP6 T2, D6.6 Transforming Services with Orchestration and Automation, November 2020. https://www.geant.org/Projects/GEANT_Project_GN4-3/GN43_deliverables/D6.6-Transforming_Services_with_Orchestration_and_Automation.pdf

[SURVEY2019]         GÉANT WP6, Orchestration, Automation and Virtualisation in NRENs, https://wiki.geant.org/display/NETDEV/WP6+Events?preview=/123792049/133766032/WP6_OAV_NREN-Survey.pdf

[SURVEY-RESULTS]  GÉANT WP6, Orchestration, Automation and Virtualisation (OAV), The Survey Rsults, by Topic, https://wiki.geant.org/display/NETDEV/WP6+Events?preview=/123792049/123793662/2019-05-09-OAV-Survey-Results-by-Topic.pdf

[TAL19]                   H. Khalili, P. S. Khodashenas, D. Guija and S. Siddiqui, “Introducing Terrestrial Satellite Resource Orchestration Layer”, 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2019, pp. 1–4, doi: 10.1109/ICTON.2019.8840562 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8840562/