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If you are tuning your hosts for best performance then also read Enabling High Performance Data Transfers on Hosts and TCP Tuning Guide for Distributed Application on Wide Area Networks. Also The TCP-Friendly Website summarizes some recent work on congestion control for non-TCP based applications in particular for congestion control schemes that maintain the arrival rate to at most some constant over the square root of the packet loss rate.
Proposed Deprecation
Recently, some of the authors of the initial TCP model have proposed abandoning these closed-form "macroscopic" models. Reasons include that some of the original assumptions, such as sufficient buffer space in routers, are no longer tenable, and that the models don't fit for promising new congestion control approaches such as BBR.
References
The macroscopic behavior of the TCP congestion avoidance algorithm by Mathis, Mathis, Semke, Mahdavi & Ott in Computer Communication Review, 27(3), July 1997
Modelling TCP throughput: A simple model and its empirical validation by J, J. Padhye, V. Firoiu, D. Townsley and J. Kurose, in Proc. SIGCOMM Symp. Communications Architectures and Protocols Aug. 1998, pp. 304-314
Deprecating the TCP Macroscopic Model, M. Mathis, J. Mahdavi, in Computer Communications Review, 49(5), October 2019
– Main.TobyRodwell - 12 Aug 2006
– Simon Leinen—14 Oct 2019