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Because you automatically upgrade your kernels, your VMs get clogged up with old kernels and headers. Example:
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visser@test-omegavisser@cajones:~$ ls -la /lib/modules total 32 drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Mar 15 06:47 . drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 Sep 3 2014 .. drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jan 16 02:50 3.13.0-71-generic drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jan 16 02:51 3.13.0-74-generic drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jan 20 06:53 3.13.0-76-generic drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Feb 2 06:37 3.13.0-77-generic drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Feb 23 06:35 3.13.0-79-generic drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 15 06:48 3.13.0-83-generic |
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To list all installed kernels and accompanying headers:
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root@test-omegaroot@cajones:~# apt-show-versions -b | grep -E 'linux-(headers|image(-extra)?)-[0-9]+' linux-headers-3.13.0-71:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-74:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-76:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-77:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-79:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-83:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-83-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-83-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-83-generic:amd64/trusty-security |
You can't just purge all of these because you will trash your current kernel. So you need to exclude that, preferably using the uname command:
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visser@test-omegavisser@cajones:~$ uname -r 3.13.0-83-generic |
So this will yield:
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visser@test-omegavisser@cajones:~$ apt-show-versions -b | grep -E 'linux-(headers|image(-extra)?)-[0-9]+' | grep -v `uname -r` linux-headers-3.13.0-71:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-74:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-76:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-77:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-79:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-83:all/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security |
...
However this will also remove the headers of the current kernel, so we have to strip the -generic part from the uname output:
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visser@test-omegavisser@cajones:~$ apt-show-versions -b | grep -E 'linux-(headers|image(-extra)?)-[0-9]+' | grep -v $(uname -r | sed -E 's/-[a-z]+$//') linux-headers-3.13.0-71:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-74:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-76:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-77:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-79:all/trusty-security linux-headers-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-71-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-74-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-77-generic:amd64/trusty-security linux-image-extra-3.13.0-79-generic:amd64/trusty-security |
...
This looks good. Now we can purge these packages:
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visser@test-omegavisser@cajones:~$ sudo apt-get purge `apt-show-versions -b | grep -E 'linux-(headers|image(-extra)?)-[0-9]+' | grep -v $(uname -r | sed -E 's/-[a-z]+$//')` Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Selected version '3.13.0-71.114' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [all]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-71' Selected version '3.13.0-71.114' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-71-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-74.118' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [all]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-74' Selected version '3.13.0-74.118' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-74-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-76.120' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [all]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-76' Selected version '3.13.0-76.120' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-76-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-77.121' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [all]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-77' Selected version '3.13.0-77.121' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-77-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-79.123' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [all]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-79' Selected version '3.13.0-79.123' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-headers-3.13.0-79-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-71.114' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-3.13.0-71-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-74.118' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-3.13.0-74-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-76.120' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-3.13.0-76-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-77.121' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-3.13.0-77-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-79.123' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-3.13.0-79-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-71.114' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-extra-3.13.0-71-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-74.118' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-extra-3.13.0-74-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-76.120' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-77.121' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-extra-3.13.0-77-generic' Selected version '3.13.0-79.123' (Ubuntu:14.04/trusty-updates [amd64]) for 'linux-image-extra-3.13.0-79-generic' The following packages will be REMOVED: linux-headers-3.13.0-71* linux-headers-3.13.0-71-generic* linux-headers-3.13.0-74* linux-headers-3.13.0-74-generic* linux-headers-3.13.0-76* linux-headers-3.13.0-76-generic* linux-headers-3.13.0-77* linux-headers-3.13.0-77-generic* linux-headers-3.13.0-79* linux-headers-3.13.0-79-generic* linux-image-3.13.0-71-generic* linux-image-3.13.0-74-generic* linux-image-3.13.0-76-generic* linux-image-3.13.0-77-generic* linux-image-3.13.0-79-generic* linux-image-extra-3.13.0-71-generic* linux-image-extra-3.13.0-74-generic* linux-image-extra-3.13.0-76-generic* linux-image-extra-3.13.0-77-generic* linux-image-extra-3.13.0-79-generic* 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 20 to remove and 35 not upgraded. After this operation, 1,357 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] |
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