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Some of the work has been done in this area by Jisc - they have a Strategic Alliance with CERNET, which could potentially be expanded for other GÉANT members. Internet2 has agreements with CERNET and KISTI; GARR is work in progress.                                                                                                                                                                       

Technical Barriers

William Wan, CERNET

One other 'Big Issue' that needs to be taken into consideration when talking about TNE is technical barriers. William grouped those digital divides into 4 main groups:


ChallengesSolutions
CONNECTIVITY

• International line could be costly and not stable  

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• Exploring R&E networks 

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INTEROPERABILITY

• IPv6 and other technological issues
• Identity management and authorization issues

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• Standards
• eduGAIN needs to be explored

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OPERATIONAL

• Institutions might not have the right peering policies with multiple internet connections
• Licensing issues 

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• Try to optimize with R&E network infrastructure
• Vendor specific 

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REGULATIONS

• Government policies  (e.g. Firewall, etc.)
• Sending hardware crossing boarders can be expensive and time consuming

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• In-country knowledge is key
• Purchase locally 

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Suggested services that need to be develped to address the challenges are end-to-end support and 24/7 service desks.