Scientific research is at the heart of every European University. Nowadays, such research is no longer an isolated activity. With the capabilities of the internet to connect not only people but also resources, sciences have evolved into e-Science where individual participants in an experiment, paper collaboration or users of specific Research Infrastructures come together from a wide range of countries and organisations.

Authentication and authorisation infrastructures (AAI) are required to regulate who can gain access to resources in such distributed environments. While federated identity and eduGAIN go a long way to enabling such access policies, in many cases, research groups of all sizes need additional specialised infrastructure built on top of eduGAIN to manage group and authorisation information, and also to integrate users from a wide range of environment, connecting them to their services, and also to other generic services such as storage and compute provided by any eInfrastructure provider or even commercial entity.

eduTEAMS is being designed and piloted by GÉANT in two variants to meet those needs:

Basic service:

• includes Membership management, Identity Hub for non eduGAIN users, Basic Groups, and Basic Provisioning
• allows end users of eduGAIN members to be able to login
• has infrastructure operation provided by GÉANT 
• is offered to users at no additional cost

Advanced service:

• includes the same features as  the basic offering, plus Advanced Groups, Attribute Management, Advanced (de-)Provisioning, SP proxy, Attribute Aggregation

This workflow provides an example scenario of how the proposed Basic service offering would help a research collaboration. The scenario hypothesises three types of end users:

• An operator who is in charge of managing membership of the collaborations' users;

• A user called “Alice”, who is a collaboration user who can login using a home institution account; and

• A user called “Bob”, who is a collaboration user who has no home institution.

In order to complete this scenario successfully, the following tasks need to be accomplished:

1. Alice and Bob need access to a wiki service,

2. the wiki service requires authorisation in the context of the research collaboration as only some members of the collaboration are allowed in,

3. the operator has been given the authorisation to manage members in the membership management service,

4. Alice has the role of "wiki space admins" within the research collaboration which makes her the manager of a space in the wiki service, and she has been delegated the ability to manage members of the "wiki space editors" group,

5. Bob becomes a member of the "wiki space editors" group and is able to edit the content in the wiki service.

To execute this flow, the operator first needs to be able to make the Alice and Bob members of the research collaboration. To this end, the  operator uses the Membership management service to make users members of the research collaboration by issuing invites. In response to the invite, the users should log in to the Membership management service and provide some basic attributes ie. information necessary to decide if they should access the service.

It is assumed that Alice will log in using a federated login authenticated via her home institution which is available in eduGAIN. Bob has no home institution, and therefore uses an External ID provider to log in with his Google ID. The operator evaluates the information received about the users and makes them members of the research collaboration. As they have membership, both users are assigned a Persistent Identifier, which is specific for this research collaboration. With the Persistent Identifier assigned to them, both users can now authenticate at services provided within the context of the research collaboration.

However, the collaboration may have services they want to restrict to only some members based on role in the collaboration. Therefore, to determine whether they have any roles within the context of the research collaboration, the wiki services queries the membership management service and the Simple Groups service. To assign Alice the "wiki space admin" role, the operator can add her to the appropriate group. This group is managed with the Simple Groups service by the  operator. After being assigned group membership of the "wiki space admins", can Alice log into the Simple Groups service, and add Bob to the "wiki space editors" group.

When Bob logs into the wiki service, the wiki service queries both the Membership management service to get Bob's Persistent VO Identifier and the Simple Groups service to find that Bob has the correct role, "wiki space editors", which allows him to edit content in the wiki space. 

The development team first looked at the use cases of several major pan-European eScience communities, Research Infrastructures and e-Learning collaborations in terms of their use of federated authentication and identifies the needs and challenges they are facing. In the initial phase of the project, an open survey was set up allowing any community to specify requirements and highlight the challenges they are facing. The survey was publicised at key events and on mailing lists and by direct invite to participate. In addition to this survey, the project team also conducted a study of the AAI infrastructures currently used or planned in Europe so that the needs of communities  of different sizes and involved in different e-science disciplines were understood. VOs in the field of learning were also included. The requirements listed in the Federated Identity Management for research communities (FIM4R) paper [FIM4R] were also assessed. The development team then reviewed all the requirements to find commonalities and derive a set of generalised requirements across the various communities.